/*
 * mCaptcha - A proof of work based DoS protection system
 * Copyright © 2021 Aravinth Manivannan <realravinth@batsense.net>
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

//! Defense datatypes
//! ```rust
//! use libmcaptcha::{LevelBuilder, DefenseBuilder};
//! DefenseBuilder::default()
//!        .add_level(
//!            LevelBuilder::default()
//!                .visitor_threshold(50)
//!                .difficulty_factor(50)
//!                .unwrap()
//!                .build()
//!                .unwrap(),
//!        )
//!        .unwrap()
//!        .add_level(
//!            LevelBuilder::default()
//!                .visitor_threshold(500)
//!                .difficulty_factor(500)
//!                .unwrap()
//!                .build()
//!                .unwrap(),
//!        )
//!        .unwrap()
//!        .build()
//!        .unwrap();
//! ```

use crate::errors::*;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

/// Level struct that describes threshold-difficulty factor mapping
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct Level {
    pub visitor_threshold: u32,
    pub difficulty_factor: u32,
}

/// Bulder struct for [Level] to describe threshold-difficulty factor mapping
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct LevelBuilder {
    visitor_threshold: Option<u32>,
    difficulty_factor: Option<u32>,
}

impl Default for LevelBuilder {
    fn default() -> Self {
        LevelBuilder {
            visitor_threshold: None,
            difficulty_factor: None,
        }
    }
}

impl LevelBuilder {
    /// set visitor count for level
    pub fn visitor_threshold(&mut self, visitor_threshold: u32) -> &mut Self {
        self.visitor_threshold = Some(visitor_threshold);
        self
    }

    /// set difficulty factor for level. difficulty_factor can't be zero because
    /// Difficulty is calculated as:
    /// ```no_run
    /// let difficulty_factor = 500;
    /// let difficulty = u128::max_value() - u128::max_value() / difficulty_factor;
    /// ```
    /// the higher the `difficulty_factor`, the higher the difficulty.
    pub fn difficulty_factor(&mut self, difficulty_factor: u32) -> CaptchaResult<&mut Self> {
        if difficulty_factor > 0 {
            self.difficulty_factor = Some(difficulty_factor);
            Ok(self)
        } else {
            Err(CaptchaError::DifficultyFactorZero)
        }
    }

    /// build Level struct
    pub fn build(&mut self) -> CaptchaResult<Level> {
        if self.visitor_threshold.is_none() {
            Err(CaptchaError::SetVisitorThreshold)
        } else if self.difficulty_factor.is_none() {
            Err(CaptchaError::SetDifficultyFactor)
        } else {
            Ok(Level {
                difficulty_factor: self.difficulty_factor.unwrap(),
                visitor_threshold: self.visitor_threshold.unwrap(),
            })
        }
    }
}

/// Builder struct for [Defense]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct DefenseBuilder {
    levels: Vec<Level>,
}

impl Default for DefenseBuilder {
    fn default() -> Self {
        DefenseBuilder { levels: vec![] }
    }
}

impl DefenseBuilder {
    /// add a level to [Defense]
    pub fn add_level(&mut self, level: Level) -> CaptchaResult<&mut Self> {
        for i in self.levels.iter() {
            if i.visitor_threshold == level.visitor_threshold {
                return Err(CaptchaError::DuplicateVisitorCount);
            }
        }
        self.levels.push(level);
        Ok(self)
    }

    /// Build [Defense]
    pub fn build(&mut self) -> CaptchaResult<Defense> {
        if !self.levels.is_empty() {
            // sort levels to arrange in ascending order
            self.levels.sort_by_key(|a| a.visitor_threshold);

            for level in self.levels.iter() {
                if level.difficulty_factor == 0 {
                    return Err(CaptchaError::DifficultyFactorZero);
                }
            }

            // as visitor count increases, difficulty_factor too should increse
            // if it decreses, an error must be thrown
            for i in 0..self.levels.len() - 1 {
                if self.levels[i].difficulty_factor > self.levels[i + 1].difficulty_factor {
                    return Err(CaptchaError::DecreaseingDifficultyFactor);
                }
            }

            Ok(Defense {
                levels: self.levels.to_owned(),
                current_visitor_threshold: 0,
            })
        } else {
            Err(CaptchaError::LevelEmpty)
        }
    }
}

/// struct describes all the different [Level]s at which an mCaptcha system operates
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct Defense {
    levels: Vec<Level>,
    // index of current visitor threshold
    current_visitor_threshold: usize,
}

impl From<Defense> for Vec<Level> {
    fn from(d: Defense) -> Self {
        d.levels
    }
}

impl Defense {
    ///! Difficulty is calculated as:
    ///! ```rust
    ///! let difficulty = u128::max_value() - u128::max_value() / difficulty_factor;
    ///! ```
    ///! The higher the `difficulty_factor`, the higher the difficulty.

    /// Get difficulty factor of current level of defense
    pub fn get_difficulty(&self) -> u32 {
        self.levels[self.current_visitor_threshold].difficulty_factor
    }

    /// tighten up defense. Increases defense level by a factor of one.
    /// When defense is at max level, calling this method will have no effect
    pub fn tighten_up(&mut self) {
        if self.current_visitor_threshold < self.levels.len() - 1 {
            self.current_visitor_threshold += 1;
        }
    }
    /// Loosen up defense. Decreases defense level by a factor of one.
    /// When defense is at the lowest level, calling this method will have no effect.
    pub fn loosen_up(&mut self) {
        if self.current_visitor_threshold > 0 {
            self.current_visitor_threshold -= 1;
        }
    }

    /// Set defense to maximum level
    pub fn max_defense(&mut self) {
        self.current_visitor_threshold = self.levels.len() - 1;
    }

    /// Set defense to minimum level
    pub fn min_defense(&mut self) {
        self.current_visitor_threshold = 0;
    }

    /// Get current level's  visitor threshold
    pub fn current_level(&self) -> &Level {
        &self.levels[self.current_visitor_threshold]
    }

    /// Get current level's  visitor threshold
    pub fn visitor_threshold(&self) -> u32 {
        self.levels[self.current_visitor_threshold].difficulty_factor
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn level_builder_works() {
        let level = LevelBuilder::default()
            .difficulty_factor(1)
            .unwrap()
            .visitor_threshold(0)
            .build()
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(level.visitor_threshold, 0);
        assert_eq!(level.difficulty_factor, 1);

        assert_eq!(
            LevelBuilder::default().difficulty_factor(0),
            Err(CaptchaError::DifficultyFactorZero)
        );

        assert_eq!(
            LevelBuilder::default()
                .difficulty_factor(1)
                .unwrap()
                .build(),
            Err(CaptchaError::SetVisitorThreshold)
        );
        assert_eq!(
            LevelBuilder::default().visitor_threshold(10).build(),
            Err(CaptchaError::SetDifficultyFactor)
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn defense_builder_duplicate_visitor_threshold() {
        let mut defense_builder = DefenseBuilder::default();
        let err = defense_builder
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(50)
                    .difficulty_factor(50)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap()
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(50)
                    .difficulty_factor(50)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            );
        assert_eq!(err, Err(CaptchaError::DuplicateVisitorCount));
    }

    #[test]
    fn defense_builder_decreasing_difficulty_factor() {
        let mut defense_builder = DefenseBuilder::default();
        let err = defense_builder
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(50)
                    .difficulty_factor(50)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap()
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(500)
                    .difficulty_factor(10)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap()
            .build();
        assert_eq!(err, Err(CaptchaError::DecreaseingDifficultyFactor));
    }

    #[test]
    fn checking_for_integer_overflow() {
        let mut defense = DefenseBuilder::default()
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(5)
                    .difficulty_factor(5)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap()
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(10)
                    .difficulty_factor(50)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap()
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(20)
                    .difficulty_factor(60)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap()
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(30)
                    .difficulty_factor(65)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap()
            .build()
            .unwrap();

        for _ in 0..500 {
            defense.tighten_up();
        }

        defense.get_difficulty();
        for _ in 0..500000 {
            defense.tighten_up();
        }

        defense.get_difficulty();
    }

    fn get_defense() -> Defense {
        DefenseBuilder::default()
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(50)
                    .difficulty_factor(50)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap()
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(500)
                    .difficulty_factor(5000)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap()
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(5000)
                    .difficulty_factor(50000)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap()
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(50000)
                    .difficulty_factor(500000)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap()
            .add_level(
                LevelBuilder::default()
                    .visitor_threshold(500000)
                    .difficulty_factor(5000000)
                    .unwrap()
                    .build()
                    .unwrap(),
            )
            .unwrap()
            .build()
            .unwrap()
    }
    #[test]
    fn defense_builder_works() {
        let defense = get_defense();

        assert_eq!(defense.levels[0].difficulty_factor, 50);
        assert_eq!(defense.levels[1].difficulty_factor, 5000);
        assert_eq!(defense.levels[2].difficulty_factor, 50_000);
        assert_eq!(defense.levels[3].difficulty_factor, 500_000);
        assert_eq!(defense.levels[4].difficulty_factor, 5_000_000);
    }

    #[test]
    fn tighten_up_works() {
        let mut defense = get_defense();

        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 50);

        defense.tighten_up();
        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 5_000);

        defense.tighten_up();
        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 50_000);

        defense.tighten_up();
        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 500_000);

        defense.tighten_up();
        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 5_000_000);

        defense.tighten_up();
        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 5_000_000);
    }

    #[test]
    fn max_defense_works() {
        let mut defense = get_defense();
        defense.max_defense();
        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 5_000_000);
    }

    #[test]
    fn minimum_defense_works() {
        let mut defense = get_defense();
        defense.min_defense();
        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 50);
    }

    #[test]
    fn loosen_up_works() {
        let mut defense = get_defense();
        defense.max_defense();

        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 5_000_000);

        defense.loosen_up();
        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 500_000);

        defense.loosen_up();
        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 50_000);

        defense.loosen_up();
        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 5_000);

        defense.loosen_up();
        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 50);

        defense.loosen_up();
        assert_eq!(defense.get_difficulty(), 50);
    }
}